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Integrated SDG Insights

Chad

UNDP’s Integrated SDG Insights explore how to achieve the SDGs by 2030. So that no one is left behind.

How To Read This Report

‘SDG Insights’ playbooks transcend development “as usual,” and leverages data innovation, AI and systems analysis to chart credible pathways that help countries meet the 2030 Agenda.

SDG Moment This section provides an overview of a country's economic growth trajectory, with new insights on sustainability and inclusiveness of growth pathways.

SDG Trends & Priorities This section builds from the foundation of national SDG progress and uses machine learning to analyse national development ambition with an SDG lens.

SDG Interlinkages Combined, these insights are mapped against SDG interlinkages to define policy choices the accelerate SDG progress, tailored to national context.

Finance & StimulusThese policy choices are made against fiscal constraints and opportunities for stimulus mapped in this section to ensure choices translate to development impact and leave no one behind.

1. SDG Moment

While economic growth is a key element in achieving the SDGs, many countries are intent on moving beyond growth as a yardstick for progress. In the short run, growth enables the SDGs; but in the long run, the SDGs aim to transform the pattern of growth itself.

GDP Growth Pathways

People

Poverty: Percentage of the population under each threshold (PPP$ a day).

Data not available.

Planet

Carbon Intensity: CO2 emissions intensity of GDP (tCO2 per PPP $1,000).

Chad’s economy during the cycle 2023-2025 is transitioning from mitigation mode to higher growth rates; 20% higher, on average, than the global figure, but still slightly below the country’s growth trajectory projected before the pandemic.

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This pace of growth, however, is not expected to exert a noticeable effect on lowering the incidence of poverty at $2.15 and $3.65 a day. Hence, the country’s commitments to achieving the SDGs are focused on increasing people’s well-being and overcoming the fact that progress has stalled. The economic expansion, on the other hand, would be somewhat more dependent on carbon emissions, as the country’s carbon emissions intensity of GDP is expected to increase at an annual rate of 4% due to fossil fuel usage. In this context, diversifying the national economy and combating and adapting to climate change are becoming national priorities to take advantage of this economic recovery. This will enhance the structural transformation of the economy and ensure robust, sustainable, pro-poor growth.

3. SDG Interlinkages

Maps synergies and trade-offs of national priorities to the most relevant SDG targets to chart policy pathways with most potential to accelerate progress.

8.5: Full employment and decent work with equal pay​

SDG 8.5 is a positive multiplier for several development priorities emphasized in the 2030 Vision.  It is closely associated with prioity investments in youth empowerment (Target 4.4) and skills development/ and upskilling (Target 8.2), and an important investment that helps address SDGs that require acceleration, particularly in the reduction of poverty and vulnerability (Targets 1.2, 1.4) , food security (target 2.1) and across several health targets (Goal 3 reduction of hunger and malnutrition) and SDG 3 (reduce maternal mortality, end the AIDS pandemic, tuberculosis, among other diseases.)

Because 76% of the Chadian population lives in rural areas, differentiated strategies are required to address local development in rural areas, with a focus on reducing poverty and vulnerabilities to shocks and disasters related to climate change. To this end, integrated policy choices that target: (i) the development of community infrastructure, including markets, solar energy and agricultural facilities; (ii) support for the structuring and capacity-building of actors in the world rural areas; (iii) support for the revitalization of the productive sectors, particularly agriculture and livestock; (iv) the development of value chains through the processing of local products; and (v) the promotion of inclusive finance.

11.2: Affordable and sustainable transport systems​

Sustainable transport and infrastructure is a longstanding national priority and investment area.  As part of the National Development Plan 2024-2028 currently being finalized, the development of road infrastructure is one of the major national priorities, with around 50 projects to be carried out over the coming years.

Its significance has grown in response to changing energy needs and the provision of basic services for all (Target 11.1). Facilitating the mobility of people, goods and merchandise and establishing affordable and sustainable transport systems promotes job creation (Target 8.5), the reduction of poverty and inequalities (Target 1.1) and social, political and economic inclusion for all (Target 10.2).

In particular, it will have an impact on social and economic SDGs , and on partnerships through the development of public-private partnerships (Target 17.6).

16.6: Develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions

The establishment of effective, accountable and transparent institutions is a key priority and complex undertaking, as a foundation to longer term social and economic stability, and a driver of robust environmental policies.

The achievement of the target, as part of integrated policy combination that consolidate peace, justice and the rule of law, strengthen the social contract of trust between institutions and the population and the creation. The focus on effective institutions is understood in Chad as a driver of a more favourable framework and enabling environment for private investment and sustainable economic growth. Important milestones have been laid in the context of the current political transition, in particular through the negotiation and signature with some 40 armed groups of the Doha Agreement for peace in Chad (August 2022) and the organization of an Inclusive and Sovereign National Dialogue to discuss the future of the country, politically, economically and socially.

15.1: By 2020, ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainableuse of terrestrial and inland freshwater ecosystems and their services.

By prioritizing Target 15.1 in its 2021-2025 National Development Plan, Ecuadorreaffirmed the significance of protecting and preserving terrestrial ecosystems andtheir biodiversity. This includes recognizing that the investment projects intendedto fulfil Target 15.1 will not only contribute to achieving the SDGs 13, 14 and 15, butwill also help restore ecosystems that underpin the availability and comprehensivemanagement of water resources (SDG 6) and promote their sustainable use (Target12.2). Additionally, it will also foster the generation of new energy from renewablesources (Target 7.2).

To this end, Ecuador seeks to strengthen the management of the National Systemof Protected Areas through its 2022-2032 Strategic Plan and the implementationof the National Forest Restoration Plan 2019-2030. These instruments serve as thetechnical, legal and financial foundation for executing local forest restorationprocesses with a landscape vision, with an overall goal of covering 30,000hectares through its projects. Considering that the proportion of national territoryunder conservation or environmental management, as of 2022, stands at 22.1%, itis necessary to mobilize additional financial resources from various sources andestablish robust governance (Target 17.3) to intensify the care of protected areas.This ensures the conservation of natural and cultural resources, genetic flows, theprovision of environmental services for the benefit of the population and thealignment of policies on the ground.

Futures Scenarios

SDG Push is a futures scenario based on 48 integrated accelerators in the areas of Governance, Social Protection, Green Economy and Digital Disruption. It uses national data to explore the impact on human development by 2030 and 2050 across key SDG indicators. It does this by using ‘International Futures,’ a systems model designed to explore interactions across development systems.

Poverty <$1.90 Per Day (Number of People)

Malnourished Children Under 5 (Number Of Children)

Malnourished Children Under 5 (Number Of Children)

4. Finance and Stimulus

Many countries are facing reduced fiscal space, high debt levels, rising interest rates and downgrades on credit ratings. Fiscal and financial constraints tend to slow or even reverse SDG progress.

Chad's gross government debt, projected at 43.7% of GDP in 2023, is 4.6 percentage points below the low-income developing countries (LIDC) average of 48.3%. Chad's public external debt servicing this year is expected to be 14.2% of revenue and thus nearly identical to the LIDC average. 

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In addition to debt, Chad faces a triple challenge: (i) heavy dependence on the oil sector, which generates about 20% of GDP, 50% of government revenue and 70% of export revenue; (ii) the high volatility of oil prices on the international market; and (iii) the low mobilization of non-oil revenue (in 2020, non-oil revenue represented 9.1% of non-oil GDP, despite the improvements recorded from 2015 and 2016).

SDG Stimulus

The UN Secretary General’s SDG Stimulus Plan lays out a blueprint for action within the existing financial architecture. It includes:

  • Providing liquidity to support recovery in the near term
  • Enhance debt relief for vulnerable countries.​
  • Expanding development financing by MDBs
  • Align financial flows with the SDGs and Paris Agreement, according to country-level priorities and needs, for example through the rollout of the UN Integrated National Financing Framework (INFFs).

Given the projected fiscal and financial constraints faced by

Chad

possible funding options for the investments derived from the identified interlinkages are as follows:

  • Tax and revenue reform
  • Debt for SDGs
  • Climate finance
  • Blended and public-private finance
  • SDG-aligned business environment and investment
  • Accessing financial markets and insurance
  • Remittances, philanthropy and faith-based financing

Methodology & Data Sources

Click here to view the Methodological Note for the Integrated SDG Insights.

This report is the result of a global exercise carried out using artificial intelligence to identify SDG priorities based on 10 national government documents, together with SDG progress and SDG interlinkage analysis. The implementation and monitoring of the 2030 Agenda in Argentina should be consulted in the Country Reports and National Voluntary Reports.

SDG Moment

Methodology
Assesses challenges and opportunities in national growth trajectories with insights on environmental sustainability and inclusiveness.

Data Sources
Future trajectories to 2025 are based on IMF-WEO GDP projections, distributions of per capita income or consumption from the World Bank, and CO2 emissions from the Global Carbon Budget 2022 and EDGAR (JRC and IEA).​

Trends & Priorities

Methodology
SDG trends tracks progress from 2015 to date for the 231 indicators. National priorities are analysed using machine learning to reveal the most prominent SDGs referenced in national policy documents.

Data Sources
SDG trends tracks progress from 2015 to date for the 231 indicators. National priorities are analysed using machine learning to reveal the most prominent SDGs referenced in national policy documents.

Interlinkages

Methodology
SDG trends tracks progress from 2015 to date for the 231 indicators. National priorities are analysed using machine learning to reveal the most prominent SDGs referenced in national policy documents.

Data Sources
The exercise globally considered a total of 454 documents published from 2015 to August 2022. (Miola et al., 2019 updated in 2021-2022)​

Finance & Stimulus

Methodology
Provides insight into indicators of fiscal and financial stress with options (INFF) for stimulus and other means to accelerate progress.

Data Sources
Most recent resource data from UNU-WIDER GRD (between 2018 and 2021), debt and revenue from IMF WEO (between 2020 and forecasts for 2023), external debt from IDS (2023), yields from Haver Analytics (8 June 2023), credit ratings from S&P, Moodys and FITCH (2023), and DSA ratings from World Bank/IMF (31 May 2023).